208 Human-Caused Minerals
Here are the 208 minerals that occur as a result of direct or indirect human processes. Refer to the paper for the complete list of minerals in more detail, including chmistry and localities.
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Table 1A: List of minerals reported exclusively as human-mediated phases with no confirmed natural occurrences.
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I. Mine-associated (“post-mine”) minerals |
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A. Alteration phases recovered from ore dumps: |
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delrioite |
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metadelrioite |
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rosièresite (questionable species) |
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schuetteite |
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smrkovecite |
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wheatleyite |
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widgiemoolthalite |
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B. Alteration phases associated with mine tunnel walls |
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Adolfpateraite |
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albrechtschraufite |
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alwilksinite-(Y) |
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apexite |
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běhounekite |
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belakovskiite |
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bluelizardite |
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bobcookite |
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calciodelrioite |
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canavesite |
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cobaltoblödite |
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cobaltzippeite |
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fermiite |
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gatewayite |
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geschieberite |
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gunterite |
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hughesite |
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jáchymovite |
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ježekite |
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kegginite |
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klaprothite |
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kokinosite |
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línekite |
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magnesiozippeite |
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manganoblödite |
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marécottite |
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mesaite |
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mathesiusite |
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meisserite |
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metamunirite |
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morrisonite |
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nickelzippeite |
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oppenheimerite |
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ottohahnite |
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packratite |
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péligotite |
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plášilite |
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pseudojohannite |
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rakovanite |
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schindlerite |
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sejkoraite-(Y) |
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slavkovite |
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Štěpite |
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svornostite |
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vanarsite |
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vysokýite |
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wernerbaurite |
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wetherillite |
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zýkaite |
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C. Mine water precipitates |
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bluestreakite |
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ferrarisite |
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fluckite |
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lannonite |
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magnesiopascoite |
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martyite |
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phosphorrösslerite |
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postite |
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D. Minerals found in slag or the walls of smelters: |
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cetineite |
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fiedlerite |
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georgiadèsite |
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nealite |
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simonkolleite |
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thorikosite |
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E. Minerals associated with mine dump fires, including coal mine dumps: |
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acetamide |
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bazhenovite |
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cuprospinel |
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downeyite |
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guildite |
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hoelite |
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kladnoite |
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laphamite |
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lausenite |
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svyatoslavite |
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F. Interaction with mine timbers or leaf litter: |
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paceite |
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hoganite |
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nickelboussingaultite |
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G. Minerals associated with geothermal piping systems: |
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ammonioborite |
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biringuccite |
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nasinite |
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II. Miscellaneous human-mediated minerals |
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A. Minerals associated with alteration of tin archeological artifacts |
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abhurite |
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B. Minerals formed in storage cabinets in museums: |
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calclacite |
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C. Allegedly from placers, possibly a hoax: |
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jedwabite |
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niobocarbide |
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tantalcarbide |
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Note: All listed minerals were approved by the IMA CNMNC. |
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Table 1B: List of minerals interpreted to have been produced inadvertently by human processes or through human mediation at one or more localities, as well as reported to occur naturally or suspected to occur naturally at other localities. |
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I.Mine-associated (“post-mine”) minerals |
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A. Alteration phases recovered from dumps, including ore and serpentinite: |
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bernalite |
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boyleite |
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gunningite |
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hydromagnesite |
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kaňkite |
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krausite |
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krautite |
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lansfordite |
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nesquehonite |
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orthoserpierite |
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pharmacolite |
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ramsbeckite |
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schulenbergite |
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scorodite |
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yvonite |
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B. Alteration of an exposed ore body: |
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huemulite |
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C. Alteration of mine tunnel walls: |
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andersonite |
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bayleyite |
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bianchite |
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coquimbite |
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goslarite |
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kornelite |
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dietrichite |
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natrozippeite |
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pascoite |
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picropharmacolite |
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swartzite |
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uranopilite |
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zdeněkite |
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znucalite |
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D. Minerals found in slag or the walls of smelters: |
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boleite |
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claringbullite |
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cumengeite |
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cyanochroite |
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elyite |
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glaucocerinite |
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kapellasite |
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ktenasite |
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langite |
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laurionite |
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lautenthalite |
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namuwite |
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nitrobarite |
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paralaurionite |
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penfieldite |
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posnjakite |
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pseudoboleite |
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serpierite |
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wroewolfeite |
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wülfingite |
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zlatogorite |
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E. Minerals associated with mine fires (not coal mines): |
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butlerite |
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minium |
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ransomite |
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shannonite |
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yavapaiite |
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F. Minerals associated with coal mine dumps: |
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koktaite |
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G. Minerals associated with coal mine and dump fires; Sublimation from gas escape from coal fires: |
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alum-(Na) |
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arsenolite |
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bararite |
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barberiite |
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boussingaultite |
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cryptohalite |
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dmisteinbergite |
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dypingite |
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efremovite |
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esseneite |
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fluorellestadite |
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godovikovite |
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gwihabaite |
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letovocite |
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mascagnite |
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mikasaite |
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millosevichite |
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mohrite |
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ravatite |
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rorisite |
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rostite |
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srebrodolskite |
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tinnunculite |
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H. Mine water precipitates: |
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alpersite |
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jôkokuite |
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jurbanite |
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khademite |
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nickelhexahydrite |
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phaunouxite |
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rauenthalite |
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rossite |
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sainfeldite |
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wilcoxite |
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I. Mine timber alteration: |
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devilline |
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pentahydrite |
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J. Other “post-mine” minerals or context undefined |
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metarossite |
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monteponite |
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rabbittite |
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rhomboclase |
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szomolnokite |
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tschermigite |
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wupatkiite |
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II. Minerals associated with archeological artifacts |
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A. Alteration of lead artifacts |
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barstowite |
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cotunnite |
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phosgenite |
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B. Alteration of bronze artifacts |
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atacamite |
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dtronite |
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kobyashevite. |
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C. Alteration of tin artifacts |
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romarchite |
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hydroromarchite |
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D. Prehistoric sacrificial burning sites |
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Fayalite |
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forsterite |
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stanfieldite |
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whitlockite |
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IV. Miscellaneous human-mediated minerals |
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A. Minerals associated with geothermal pipe systems: |
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larderellite |
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santite |
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sassolite |
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sborgite |
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B.Mineral associated with alteration of pine railroad tie: |
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arcanite |
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C. Mineral formed by alteration of stored drill core: |
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nickelbischofite |
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Note: All listed minerals were approved by the IMA CNMNC. |
